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Aminophylline Injection 250mg/10mL
Composition:
Each 10mL ampoule contains:
- Aminophylline - 250 mg (25 mg/mL)
- Excipients: Ethylenediamine, Sodium hydroxide (for pH adjustment), Water for injection
Description:
Aminophylline is a bronchodilator that relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi and pulmonary vessels, making it effective for treating bronchospasm and respiratory conditions. It works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE), increasing cAMP levels, and promoting bronchodilation.
Indications:
Aminophylline Injection is indicated for the treatment of:
- Acute bronchospasm in conditions like asthma & chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis & emphysema
- Apnea in premature infants
- Adjunct therapy in congestive heart failure (CHF)
Dosage & Administration:
Adults
- Loading dose: 5 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes
- Maintenance infusion: 0.4-0.9 mg/kg/hr IV, adjusted based on serum theophylline levels
- Intermittent IV dose: 250-500 mg IV over 20-30 minutes every 6-8 hours
Pediatrics (1-12 years)
- Loading dose: 5-6 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes
- Maintenance infusion: 0.6-1.2 mg/kg/hr IV
Neonates (Premature infants with apnea)
- Loading dose: 6 mg/kg IV over 30 minutes
- Maintenance infusion: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg/hr IV
Administration:
- Dilute before administration and give slow IV infusion over at least 20 minutes
- Do not administer as an IV bolus to prevent severe side effects
- Monitor serum theophylline levels to avoid toxicity
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity to aminophylline, theophylline, or ethylenediamine
- Active peptic ulcer disease
- Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias
Precautions:
- Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular diseases, seizures, liver dysfunction, or hyperthyroidism
- Avoid use in patients with severe hypotension
- Monitor blood pressure and heart rate during administration
Adverse Reactions:
- Common: Nausea, vomiting, headache, restlessness, tachycardia
- Serious: Arrhythmias, hypotension, seizures
Drug Interactions:
- Cimetidine, Erythromycin, Fluoroquinolones - Increase aminophylline levels (risk of toxicity)
- Phenytoin, Rifampin, Carbamazepine - Decrease aminophylline levels
- May enhance bronchodilation but increase cardiac risk
Overdose & Management:
- Symptoms: Severe nausea, vomiting, seizures, arrhythmias, hypotension
- Treatment:
- Discontinue aminophylline
- Activated charcoal (for oral overdose)
- IV benzodiazepines for seizures
Storage Conditions:
- Store below 25°C
- Protect from light
- Do not freeze
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