1. Treatment of hypokalemia caused by various causes, such as insufficient eating, vomiting, severe diarrhea, application of potassium diuretic drugs, hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis, long-term use of glucocorticoids and hypertonic glucose supplement.
2. Prevention of hypokalemia When patients have potassium loss, especially if the occurrence of hypokalemia is harmful to patients (such as patients with digitalization), preventive potassium salt supplementation is required, such as eating little, severe or chronic diarrhea, long-term use of suprrenal gland corticosteroids, potassium loss nephropathy, and Bartte's syndrome.
3. Digitalis poisoning causes frequent, multigenic premature beats or tachyarrhythmias.
Usage and dosage:
Adults 0.5g ~ lg once (1 ~ 2 tablets), 2 ~ 4 times a day, after meals, and adjust the dose according to the needs of the condition. In general, the maximum daily dose for adults is 6g (12 tablets), and those who have gastrointestinal reactions to oral tablets can switch to oral solution, diluted in cold water or drinks.
Matters needing attention:
1. Oral may occasionally have gastrointestinal irritation symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, pharyngeal discomfort, chest pain (esophageal irritation), abdominal pain, diarrhea, and even peptic ulcer and bleeding. It is more likely to occur in patients with fasting, large dose and original gastrointestinal disease.
2. Hyperkalemia. It is easy to occur when the application is excessive or the original renal function is damaged. Symptoms include weakness, fatigue, numbness in hands, feet, mouth and lips, unexplained anxiety, confusion, difficulty breathing, slow heart rate, arrhythmia, conduction block, and even cardiac arrest. The electrocardiogram showed a high and sharp T wave, and gradually showed a prolonged P-R interval. P wave disappears, QRS wave widens and sine wave appears. If hyperkalemia occurs, it should be treated immediately.
(1) Immediately stop potassium supplementation, avoid using potassium-containing diet, drugs and potassium-preserving diuretics.
(2) Intravenous infusion of high concentration glucose injection and insulin to promote K+ into human cells, 10% ~ 25% glucose injection solution 300 ~ 500ml per hour. Add 10 units of regular insulin for every 20 grams of glucose.
(3) In the presence of acidosis, 5% sodium bicarbonate injection should be used immediately, and those without acidosis can use 11.2% sodium lactate injection, especially those with QRS wave broadening.
(4) Use calcium to counter cardiotoxicity of K+. When the electrocardiogram indicates P-wave deficiency, QRS wave widening, and arrhythmia, and digitalis drugs are not applied, 10% calcium gluconate injection 10ml can be given, intravenous injection for 2 minutes, and repeated use at a necessary interval of 2 minutes.
(5) Oral potassium lowering resin to block intestinal K+ absorption and promote intestinal K+ excretion.
(6) Severe hyperkalemia with renal failure. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is feasible, and the removal of K+ by hemodialysis is good and fast.
(7) Use loop diuretics, and supplement normal saline if necessary.